Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease. Pain and symptom management are an important part of care. Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. The benefits of screening for breast cancer are controversial. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The risk of developing certain cancers can be reduced by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol intake, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, limiting consumption of processed meat and red meat, and limiting exposure to direct sunlight. It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects. Typically, many genetic changes are required before cancer develops. These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. In the developing world, 15% of cancers are due to infections such as Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavirus infection, Epstein–Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation, and environmental pollutants. Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity or excessive drinking of alcohol. Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy Ĭancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, change in bowel movements Įxposure to carcinogens, tobacco, obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol, certain infections
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